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Participant: part of or influencing processesArctic
Appears in 2 processs and 4 steps. Everything below is linked: open a process to see it in context.
Top processes
- Fate of Arctic winter ice: of about 15.5 million km2 in late winter, roughly 30% survives to September and 70% melts (shares are estimates from the extents)
- Arctic planetary albedo fell from 0.52 to 0.48 in 1979-2011, adding 6.4 W/m2 of solar input over the Arctic Ocean; globally that forcing is a quarter of the CO2
- September Arctic sea ice is shrinking about 12-13% per decade, and 3 m2 of September ice is lost per tonne of CO2 emitted
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