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Participant: part of or influencing processes

Livestock

Appears in 6 processs and 11 steps. Everything below is linked: open a process to see it in context.

Top processes

Soil compaction and loss of macroporosity

3 steps

Soil compaction: stress, density, root limitation and recovery

3 steps

Start: Soil compaction: stress, density, root limitation and recovery
End: Soil compaction: stress, density, root limitation and recovery
Axle and tyre loads or hooves apply stress; contact stress near the surface is about the tyre inflation pressure (roughly 50-250 kPa) and heavy axles above about 6 Mg compact subsoil below 0.4 m

Aggregate formation and pore structure

2 steps

Wind erosion and dust emission from dry soil

1 step

Drought, grazing or tillage lowers vegetation cover and dries the surface soil

Biological soil crusts: cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses on dryland surfaces

1 step

Trampling, vehicles and fire crush crusts; cyanobacterial crust recovers in years to decades, mosses and lichens in decades to centuries (wide ranges)

Vegetation-water feedback and dryland patchiness

1 step

Disturbance (grazing, drought, clearing) thins the cover

Often found with

Soil aggregates 7 Water 5 Tractors 4 Machinery 4 Macropores 3 Pore space 3 Plant roots 3 Soil 2 Vegetation 1 Soil 1 Tillage 1 Oxygen 1

Known by 719 participants and resources across the map.